Kill Chain & Diamond Model Analysis

Map a threat actor or campaign across the Cyber Kill Chain and Diamond Model of Intrusion.

Saved analyses

Hafnium (threat actor)

Risk

100

Critical

72 techniques 53 tools/malware 7 vulnerabilities 39 IOCs 7/7 stages covered Deepest: Actions on Objectives

1 Reconnaissance

T1589

Gather Victim Identity Information reconnaissance

T1589.002

Email Addresses reconnaissance

T1590

Gather Victim Network Information reconnaissance

T1590.005

IP Addresses reconnaissance

T1592

Gather Victim Host Information reconnaissance

T1592.004

Client Configurations reconnaissance

T1593

Search Open Websites/Domains reconnaissance

T1593.003

Code Repositories reconnaissance

›

2 Weaponization

T1583

Acquire Infrastructure resource development

T1583.003

Virtual Private Server resource development

T1583.005

Botnet resource development

T1583.006

Web Services resource development

T1584

Compromise Infrastructure resource development

T1584.005

Botnet resource development

›

3 Delivery

T1190

Exploit Public-Facing Application initial access

T1199

Trusted Relationship initial access

›

4 Exploitation

T1053.005

Scheduled Task execution

T1059

Command and Scripting Interpreter execution

T1059.001

PowerShell execution

T1059.003

Windows Command Shell execution

T1129

Shared Modules execution

T1203

Exploitation for Client Execution execution

T1068

Exploitation for Privilege Escalation privilege escalation

CVE CVE-2021-26855

CVE CVE-2021-26857

CVE CVE-2021-26858

CVE CVE-2021-27065

CVE CVE-2021-28480

CVE CVE-2023-3519

CVE CVE-2025-3928

›

5 Installation

T1003

OS Credential Dumping credential access

T1003.001

LSASS Memory credential access

T1003.003

NTDS credential access

T1110

Brute Force credential access

T1110.003

Password Spraying credential access

T1555

Credentials from Password Stores credential access

T1555.006

Cloud Secrets Management Stores credential access

T1016

System Network Configuration Discovery discovery

T1016.001

Internet Connection Discovery discovery

T1018

Remote System Discovery discovery

T1033

System Owner/User Discovery discovery

T1057

Process Discovery discovery

T1083

File and Directory Discovery discovery

T1087

Account Discovery discovery

T1098

Account Manipulation persistence

T1136

Create Account persistence

T1136.002

Domain Account persistence

T1505

Server Software Component persistence

T1505.003

Web Shell persistence

›

6 Command & Control

T1005

Data from Local System collection

T1074.001

Local Data Staging collection

T1114

Email Collection collection

T1114.002

Remote Email Collection collection

T1119

Automated Collection collection

T1213

Data from Information Repositories collection

T1213.002

Sharepoint collection

T1530

Data from Cloud Storage collection

T1560

Archive Collected Data collection

T1560.001

Archive via Utility collection

T1071

Application Layer Protocol command and control

T1071.001

Web Protocols command and control

T1095

Non-Application Layer Protocol command and control

T1105

Ingress Tool Transfer command and control

T1132

Data Encoding command and control

T1132.001

Standard Encoding command and control

T1550.001

Application Access Token lateral movement

›

7 Actions on Objectives

T1685

Disable or Modify Tools defense impairment

T1685.005

Clear Windows Event Logs defense impairment

T1041

Exfiltration Over C2 Channel exfiltration

T1567

Exfiltration Over Web Service exfiltration

T1567.002

Exfiltration to Cloud Storage exfiltration

T1078

Valid Accounts stealth

T1078.003

Local Accounts stealth

T1078.004

Cloud Accounts stealth

T1218

System Binary Proxy Execution stealth

T1218.011

Rundll32 stealth

T1564

Hide Artifacts stealth

T1564.001

Hidden Files and Directories stealth

T1002

Stage risk: Critical High Medium None

Tools & Malware (53)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium C2 Frameworks China Chopper China Chopper webshell Cobalt Covenant Expand GitHub Global Guard Hafnium Impacket Leverage Malwarebytes Microsoft Exchange Exploit Microsoft Teams Nexus Nishang Nltest OilRig OsQuery PowerCat PowerShell Procdump PsExec Ransomware payloads Rundll32 SIMPLESEESHARP SPORTSBALL Scheduled Tasks SentinelOne Set-OabVirtualDirectoryPowerShell Spark Tarrask Tasklist Trojan ValleyRAT Web Shell Web Shells Webshells WerFault.exe WinRAR Windows Command Shell Winrar curl dearcry mshta phishing procdump schtasks whoami

Indicators of Compromise (39)

Domain

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt NTDS.DIT NJ.gov Congress.gov Backdoor.Hafnium System.InvalidCastException +12 more

Filename

CacheCleanup.bin wermgr.exe lsass.exe WerFault.exe winupdate.exe win.exe date.exe cleanup.bin +3 more

SHA-256 Hash

2b6f1ebb2208e93ade4a6424555d6a8341fd6d9f60c25e44afe11008f5c1aad1 65149e036fff06026d80ac9ad4d156332822dc93142cf1a122b1841ec8de34b5 511df0e2df9bfa5521b588cc4bb5f8c5a321801b803394ebc493db1ef3c78fa1 4edc7770464a14f54d17f36dc9d0fe854f68b346b27b35a6f5839adf1f13f8ea 811157f9c7003ba8d17b45eb3cf09bef2cecd2701cedb675274949296a6a183d 1631a90eb5395c4e19c7dbcbf611bbe6444ff312eb7937e286e4637cb9e72944 097549cf7d0f76f0d99edf8b2d91c60977fd6a96e4b8c3c94b0b1733dc026d3e b75f163ca9b9240bf4b37ad92bc7556b40a17e27c2b8ed5c8991385fe07d17d0

ATT&CK Tactic Coverage

Reconnaissance Resource Development Initial Access Execution Persistence Privilege Escalation Defense Evasion Credential Access Discovery Lateral Movement Collection Command & Control Exfiltration Impact

Recommended Mitigations

37 MITRE ATT&CK mitigations cover detected techniques

Browse all →

Reconnaissance (3)

M1013 Application Developer Guidance M1047 Audit M1056 Pre-compromise

Weaponization (1)

M1056 Pre-compromise

Delivery (10)

M1016 Vulnerability Scanning M1018 User Account Management M1026 Privileged Account Management M1030 Network Segmentation M1032 Multi-factor Authentication +5 more

Exploitation (15)

M1018 User Account Management M1019 Threat Intelligence Program M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content M1026 Privileged Account Management M1028 Operating System Configuration +10 more

Installation (20)

M1015 Active Directory Configuration M1017 User Training M1018 User Account Management M1022 Restrict File and Directory Permissions M1024 Restrict Registry Permissions +15 more

Command & Control (16)

M1013 Application Developer Guidance M1017 User Training M1018 User Account Management M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content M1022 Restrict File and Directory Permissions +11 more

Actions on Objectives (23)

M1013 Application Developer Guidance M1015 Active Directory Configuration M1017 User Training M1018 User Account Management M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content +18 more

Detection Coverage

71 strategies

7/7 stages covered

Reconnaissance (8)

DET0805 Detection of Code Repositories DET0814 Detection of Email Addresses DET0815 Detection of IP Addresses DET0820 Detection of Client Configurations DET0826 Detection of Gather Victim Host Informat... +3 more

Weaponization (6)

DET0837 Detection of Botnet DET0838 Detection of Virtual Private Server DET0883 Detection of Botnet DET0885 Detection of Compromise Infrastructure DET0895 Detection of Acquire Infrastructure +1 more

Delivery (2)

DET0080 Exploit Public-Facing Application – mult... DET0488 Detect abuse of Trusted Relationships (t...

Exploitation (7)

DET0018 Behavior-chain, platform-aware detection... DET0202 Behavioral Detection of Windows Command... DET0287 Exploitation for Client Execution – cros... DET0441 Detection of Suspicious Scheduled Task C... DET0455 Abuse of PowerShell for Arbitrary Execut... +2 more

Installation (19)

DET0003 T1136.002 Detection Strategy - Domain Ac... DET0034 Detection of Adversarial Process Discove... DET0093 Behavioral Detection of User Discovery v... DET0096 Account Manipulation Behavior Chain Dete... DET0130 Detect Unauthorized Access to Cloud Secr... +14 more

Command & Control (17)

DET0027 Detection of Web Protocol-Based C2 Over... DET0048 Detect Remote Email Collection via Abnor... DET0060 Detect Ingress Tool Transfers via Behavi... DET0108 Detection Strategy for Data Encoding in... DET0124 Behavior-chain detection for T1132.001 D... +12 more

Actions on Objectives (12)

DET0032 Detection Strategy for Hidden Files and... DET0081 Detection of Proxy Execution via Trusted... DET0348 Detection Strategy for Exfiltration Over... DET0407 Detection of Local Account Abuse for Ini... DET0475 Detection Strategy for T1218.011 Rundll3... +7 more

Diamond Model of Intrusion

Adversary · Capability · Infrastructure · Victim

Completeness

4/4

Adversary

Confidence

80%

Hafnium

Type: Nation-State Sophistication: Expert First seen: 2021 Active

Operation Exchange Marauder ATK233 G0125 Red Dev 13 Silk Typhoon +34 more

Infrastructure 20 IOC(s)

50%

Domain

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt NTDS.DIT NJ.gov +15

Artifacts (19)

CacheCleanup.bin wermgr.exe lsass.exe WerFault.exe winupdate.exe win.exe +13

Capability

74%

72 technique(s) 53 tool(s)/malware 7 CVE(s)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium C2 Frameworks China Chopper China Chopper webshell Cobalt Covenant +45

T1002

collection

T1005 T1074.001 T1114 T1114.002 +6

command and control

T1071 T1071.001 T1095 T1105 +2

credential access

T1003 T1003.001 T1003.003 T1110 +3

Victim

70%

Targeted Sectors

defense education legal-services non-profit think-tank government critical-infrastructure healthcare energy utilities

Targeted Countries

CN US GB IR KP TR DE

Diamond Model Meta-Features

Phase

Actions on Objectives

Result

Active

Direction

Adversary → Infrastructure → Victim

Methodology

Nation-State

Resources

government

First Seen

2021-01-01

Adversary → Capability

Adversary → Infrastructure

Capability → Victim

Infrastructure → Victim

Diamond Model edges

Activity Threads Kill chain phase → Diamond Model event mapping

1 Reconnaissance

Capability (Techniques)

T1589 T1589.002 T1590 T1590.005 T1592

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

2 Weaponization

Capability (Techniques)

T1583 T1583.003 T1583.005 T1583.006 T1584

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

3 Delivery

Capability (Techniques)

T1190 T1199

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

4 Exploitation

Capability (Techniques)

T1053.005 T1059 T1059.001 T1059.003 T1129

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

5 Installation

Capability (Techniques)

T1003 T1003.001 T1003.003 T1110 T1110.003

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

6 Command & Control

Capability (Techniques)

T1005 T1074.001 T1114 T1114.002 T1119

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt

7 Actions on Objectives

Capability (Techniques)

T1041 T1567 T1567.002

Capability (Malware)

7‑Zip ASPXSpy Backdoor.Hafnium

Infrastructure

Microsoft.Exchange.Powershell.Snapin TEMP.Periscope readme.txt