Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from File and Directory Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Many command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include <code>dir</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>ls</code>, <code>find</code>, and <code>locate</code>.(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the Native API. Adversaries may also leverage a Network Device CLI on network devices to gather file and directory information (e.g. <code>dir</code>, <code>show flash</code>, and/or <code>nvram</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Some files and directories may require elevated or specific user permissions to access.
Execution of file or directory discovery commands (e.g., 'ls', 'find') from terminal or script-based tooling, especially outside normal user workflows.
Execution of file enumeration commands (e.g., 'dir', 'tree') from non-standard processes or unusual user contexts, followed by recursive directory traversal or access to sensitive locations.
Execution of esxcli commands to enumerate datastore, configuration files, or directory structures by unauthorized or remote users.